Tuesday, December 31, 2019
E-Commerce Essay - 1287 Words
Abstract Among the Orange County on-line florist markets, Soft Touch Flowers has launched its website in this growing industry. However, despite the high growth, the competition in Orange County is stiff as the main competitors such as Everyday Flowers, Vissers Florist, OC Flowers, Capri Flowers, etcâ⬠¦occupy the market. Therefore, Soft Touch Flowers needs better effective business strategies to stand up and be strong in this complicated competition from the existing on-line flower shops. The focus of this paper is to outline three main disadvantages which include website environment, market competitions and consumerââ¬â¢s demand which Soft Touch Flowers has experienced for the past year in its e-commerce business. To overcome this difficultâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Since the owner did not hire a delivery personal, she had to do both flower arrangement and delivery. Therefore, if the order was in Los Angeles area, she would not able to accommodate that. The result of this was lots of orders could not be placed due to distance too far away from Orange County. The business did not meet its expected revenue and faced a difficult time of losing potential clients. The excessive development of flowering industry is the inspiration of art. The aim of this essay was to describe and analyze the disadvantages of Soft Touch Flowers website in term of market environment, competition and consumerââ¬â¢s demand. The recommendation will provide a foundation to improve the construction of the site and to help bringing in more revenue by having a better marketing strategies planning. For the website environment and security, one major concern of any e-commerce business is website security. Generally, it is the objective of every site administrator to ensure that it is safe. In order to accomplish, Soft Touch Flowers must put strong security protection in place by signing up with VeriSign and McAfee for both payment system and appropriate access rights. Having VeriSign and McAfee on a website is excellent direction to show potential clients that the business is safe and secure for online transactions. VeriSign reports that 79 percent of shoppers from the United StateShow MoreRelated e-commerce Essay1426 Words à |à 6 Pageseverybody is connected to Internet. WORLD INTERNET CONNECTIVITY (As of 6/15/95) (http://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/network.html) There is another thing that Internet brought us at affordable price: it is electronic commerce (e-comme rce). There is no specific definition for what is e-commerce everybody interprets it differently. Some view it as selling products and services on the net others more educated people see it as any networked enabled business practice such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Read MoreEssay on E Commerce768 Words à |à 4 Pages1. Explain how Apple achieved business success through the use of information, information technology, and people. Answer - At to begin with, Steve Jobs was pestered that he had missed the MP3 fleeting trend. Occupations was stuck on creating feature altering programming and was ignorant to the MP3experience. Employments took the MP3 sensation data and specialty an arrangement on how Apple could enter the MP3 market. Occupations methodology started by bringing by and large the right individualsRead MoreEssay on E-commerce678 Words à |à 3 Pagesmore businesses look for ways to secure electronic marketing online, there is a greater need for E-commerce. Whatis.com defines E-commerce (EC) as the ââ¬Å"buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet. As more and more companies accept the challenge of E-commerce, e-business security and security software is becoming a factor that corporations need to meet. We will discuss what E-commerce is and how it is used and the advantages and disadvantages. Security systems for EC have fourRead MoreE-Commerce Essay1225 Words à |à 5 Pagescompanies used computers in their everyday business. Thus, E-commerce is emerging as an increasingly important way for businesses to reach potential customers. Introduction What exactly is e-commerce? Most casual internet users think that e-commerce is just buying and selling online. Yet this is not the case. Simply put, e-commerce is the electronic exchange of business information between two or more organizations. There are e-commerce conducted between businesses and those that carried out betweenRead More E - Commerce Essays1637 Words à |à 7 PagesE - Commerce ââ¬Å"E-Commerce, a term so widely and frequently used that it could have various meanings. In our world, E-Commerce has become so widespread that we encounter it in almost every aspect of our lives. Lets take the example of web addresses, open the fridge and youll see a web address on almost every packaged product. This proves that more and more companies are making it to the web. The Internet has created a new world for them, a world where there is more interaction withRead MoreE- Commerce Essay867 Words à |à 4 Pagesquestion # 1 briefly describes the technologies that are leading businesses into the third wave of electronic commerce. The technologies that are leading the business in the third wave of e-commerce are smart phone (mobile commerce), tablet computers, radio frequency identification (RFI) devices and smart card and the social commerce. Todayââ¬â¢s mobile phones are not limited to sending and receiving e-mails. Smart phone has software (apps) that can do many activities and transactions over the internet.Read Moree-Commerce Essay889 Words à |à 4 PagesEcommerce is also known as Electric Commerce and it would consist of buy and or selling anything electronically over the internet and other networks. ââ¬Å"The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide WebRead More E-commerce Essay2568 Words à |à 11 PagesE-commerce Explain what is meant by the term ââ¬ËE-commerceââ¬â¢. It is the conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. However EC also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and useRead MoreE-Commerce Essay1988 Words à |à 8 PagesECommerce Electronic commerce, or e-commerce has developed exponentially in the last few years and has left some in the cold. The majority of people think e-commerce is just about buying and selling things over the Internet like through auctioning sites such as E-Bay and U-Bid. However, E-commerce is a broad term describing the electronic exchange of business data between two or more organizations computers. Some examples might be the electronic job applications, on-line services like AmericaRead MoreThe Prevalence of E-Commerce Essay3688 Words à |à 15 PagesThe Prevalence of E-Commerce Introduction The most common and traditional way to purchase goods for us is go to the high street stores where we pick up the goods what we like, pay for the prices at the check-out desk. However, the way has changed; 21 century is the world with E-commerce. People can no longer go to stores instead of buying all products at home over the internet. We canââ¬â¢t ignore the benefits of e-commerce. For consumers, e-commerce is great as everyone
Monday, December 23, 2019
Julius Caesar Essay On The Truth - 938 Words
Mackenzie Woock Mrs. Trachtman Honors English 9 10 October 2017 The Violent Truth The truth; those words that are hard to tell. Those few simple letters that are so agonizing to speak that most will not let it roll off their tongue for others to hear. Yet the truth reveals more than what it seem on the surface; it is a gateway to reveal a personââ¬â¢s values, and captures their true emotions and inner thoughts. The truth is a relevant concept in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Julius Caesar, a story showing the stabbing of an uprising leader and the conflict that occurs following the event. More specifically, the idea of truthfulness is especially common regarding the character Marc Antony. William Shakespeare uses the underestimated and loyalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In relation, Brutus trusts that Antony will be nothing but kind and respectful toward him and the others, which is later obvious to the readers that he is underestimated the whole time. After the killing of Caesar, readers eventually learn that Shakespeare puts a facade on An tony to make him seem as if he will not make any sort of true impact on the story. Antonyââ¬â¢s true intentions (to take revenge for Caesarââ¬â¢s death) are revealed when Brutus, Cassius and he himself go to war over leadership in Rome and the killing of Caesar. Readers learn that the underwhelming character Marc Antony actually is a powerful, manipulative person through the conflict over Caesarââ¬â¢s death. Additionally, Shakespeare depicts Marc Antony as an overall loyal and devoted person that is always there for Caesar when needed. He is often displayed as a ââ¬Å"suck-upâ⬠that has no backbone- someone who simply cannot stand on their own and even express their own thoughts all because of their loyalty to another. This is accurate when Antony himself says to Caesar, ââ¬Å"When Caesar says ââ¬Å"Do this,â⬠it is performââ¬â¢d,â⬠( JC 1.2.13). Antonyââ¬â¢s full approach toward can be mostly summed up by just that one statement. By expressing this to Caesar, it is evident to readers that Antony has strong devotion toward Caesar. On the contrary, it is also evident that Antony is just as loyal to himself as he is to Caesar. If Antony has really only ever been loyal to Caesar,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Julius Caesar s The Gallic War 1070 Words à |à 5 PagesCritique Essay In this critique of Julius Caesarââ¬â¢s book, The Gallic War, I will be discussing the purpose and accuracy (or in this case, inaccuracy) over his adventures and military campaign against the Gallic tribes. There is a constant debate between historians: The Myth of Certainty. History is all about interpretation and finding truth out of subjectivity. History can often be lost in time as the firsthand accounts will eventually fade out. Even if firsthand accounts remains intact, it is notRead MoreJulius Caesar Essay1011 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Conflicting Perspectives Essay: As Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius once suggested ââ¬Å"Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truthâ⬠; embodying the notion that conflicting perspectives are held by different people towards both events and individuals. I believe that this common idea is held true in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s production ââ¬ËJulius Caesarââ¬â¢, discussing the conflict between Brutus, Cassius and Antony, Richard Gloverââ¬â¢s Sydney Morning Herald articleRead MoreSelf Righteousness In Julius Caesar1066 Words à |à 5 PagesIt appears that the largest conflict surrounding William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Julius Caesar seems to be the uncertainty concerning the exact role that Caesar himself is meant to fulfill within the play. It is truly unknown whether he was meant to be the domineering tyrant that need desperately to be stopped in the interest of the greater good or the vulnerable victim of Brutusââ¬â¢ lineage-driven self righteousnes s. The unknown significance of Caesarââ¬â¢s hearing impediment and his disregard for both the prophecyRead MoreExamining how Brutus and Mark Anthony Utilise Language to Manipulate the Audience in Act 3 Scene 2 of Julius Caesar1356 Words à |à 6 PagesLanguage to Manipulate the Audience in Act 3 Scene 2 of Julius Caesar This essay will scrutinize and analyse two speeches from Julius Caesar; firstly Brutuss funeral oration and Mark Anthonys response in Act 3 Scene 2. Brutus as a conspirator against Caesar addresses the audience to justify himself along with his other conspirators actions whilst Mark Anthony speaks in Caesars defence and Brutus prosecution. This essay will explore how each character uses rhetorical devicesRead MoreImpossibility of Certainty in Hamlet1296 Words à |à 6 Pagesintegrity capable of great deceit. He tells his son Laertes, ââ¬Å"To thine own self be trueâ⬠(I.iii.84). But later Polonius enlists Reynaldo to spy on his son, stating, ââ¬Å"Your bait of falsehood take this Carp of truthâ⬠(II.i.70). This metaphor and the oxymoronic placement of ââ¬Å"falsehoodâ⬠and ââ¬Å"truthâ⬠exemplify the presence of duality in the play. He dismisses Reynaldo saying, ââ¬Å"You have me, Have you not?â⬠(II.i.75). The uncertainty and lack of trust within the play is reflected in the chiastic syntax ofRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words à |à 7 PagesTragic Hero of Death of a Salesman à à Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis. à à à à à à à à à à à Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classic tragedy. ?....Read MoreBrutus Is A Tragic Hero And A Sympathetic Figure2436 Words à |à 10 Pagesââ¬Å"Julius Caesar is a play about people who make mistakes-costly ones, for themselves and their countryâ⬠(Julius Caesar, Introduction line 1). This quote is from the first line of the introduction to the play of ââ¬Å"Julius Caesarâ⬠and I think that this line is the best way to start off this essay. If we took a look at each main character in this play, except for Antony, we can see how their mistakes usually would lead to their downfalls. For example, Caesar mistake of not listening to the warnings, theRead MoreKilling Lincoln Is Acclaimed As `` Shocking, And A Historical Thriller1115 Words à |à 5 PagesEssay Killing Lincoln is acclaimed as ââ¬Å"shockingâ⬠and a ââ¬Å"historical thriller.â⬠It makes the reader question, ââ¬Å"Is it really true?â⬠with every turning page. Bill Oââ¬â¢Reilly claims that everything mentioned is true and ââ¬Å"unsanitized,â⬠so a whole new story is opened to the audience, such as Booth being funded by the Confederate states and the Booth family being closely related to the Lincoln family. However, if everything is true, the question still remains: What is the most significant truth? Many peopleRead More Metadrama In Shakespeare Essay2636 Words à |à 11 Pages ââ¬ËShakespeareââ¬â¢s plays reflect not life but art.ââ¬â¢ Make use of this remark in writing an essay on Shakespeareââ¬â¢s use of Metadrama. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare constantly plays with metadrama and the perception of his plays as theatre and not life with the complications inherent that in life we all play roles and perceive life in different ways. The play has recognition of its existence as theatre, which has relevance to a contemporary world that is increasingly aware of precisely howRead MoreLogical Fallacy Julius Caesar877 Words à |à 4 PagesGeneralization is quite similar to satire, they both acknowledge the truth and specify the events/cases. Which is great for essays because in most cases you have to state a truth based off of specific events and be able to support it with evidence. Ex. 1: ââ¬Å"Cats are meaner than dogs.â⬠Ex. 2: ââ¬Å"Most people find church boring.â⬠Ex. 3: ââ¬Å"Homework is easy.â⬠http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-generalization.html Logical fallacy: Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Passage to India Analysis Free Essays
Stylistics (literature) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This articleââ¬â¢sà toneà or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipediaââ¬â¢sà guide to writing better articlesà for suggestions. (October 2010)| Stylisticsà is the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Passage to India Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a discipline it linksà literary criticismà andà linguistics, but has no autonomous domain of its own. 1][2]à The preferred object of stylistic studies isà literature, but not exclusively ââ¬Å"high literatureâ⬠but also other forms of written texts such as text from the domains ofà advertising,à pop culture,à politicsà orà religion. [3] Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such asà socialisation, the production and reception ofà meaning, criticalà discourse analysisà andà literary criticism. Other features of stylistics include the use ofà dialogue, including regionalà accentsà and peopleââ¬â¢sà dialects, descriptive language, the use ofà grammar, such as theà active voiceà orà passive voice, the distribution ofà sentenceà lengths, the use of particularà language registers, etc. In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is ââ¬Ëgoing onââ¬â¢ within the language; what the linguistic associations are that the style of language reveals. Contentsà à [hide]à * 1à Early twentieth century * 2à Late twentieth century * 3à Literary stylistics * 3. 1à Poetry * 3. 2à Implicature * 3. 3à Tense * 3. 4à The point of poetry * 4à See also * 5à Notes * 6à References and related reading * 7à External links| ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- [edit]Early twentieth century The analysis of literary style goes back toà Classical rhetoric, but modern stylistics has its roots inà Russian Formalism,[4]à and the relatedà Prague School, in the early twentieth century. In 1909,à Charles Ballyââ¬â¢sà Traite de tylistique francaiseà had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complementSaussureanà linguistics. For Bally, Saussureââ¬â¢s linguistics by itself couldnââ¬â¢t fully describe the language of personal expression. [5]à Ballyââ¬â¢s programme fitted well with the aims o f the Prague School. [6] Building on the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Prague School developed the concept ofà foregrounding, whereby poetic language stands out from the background of non-literary language by means ofà deviationà (from the norms of everyday language) orà parallelism. 7]à According to the Prague School, the background language isnââ¬â¢t fixed, and the relationship between poetic and everyday language is always shifting. [8] ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- [edit]Late twentieth century Roman Jakobsonà had been an active member of the Russian Formalists and the Prague School, before emigrating to America in the 1940s. He brought together Russian Formalism and Americanà New Criticismà in hisà Closing Statementà at a conference on stylistics atà Indiana Universityà in 1958. 9]à Published asà Linguistics and Poeticsà in 1960, Jakobsonâ⠬â¢s lecture is often credited with being the first coherent formulation of stylistics, and his argument was that the study of poetic language should be a sub-branch of linguistics. [10]à Theà poetic functionà was one of six generalà functions of languageà he described in the lecture. Michael Hallidayà is an important figure in the development of British stylistics. [11]à His 1971 studyà Linguistic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry into the Language of William Goldingââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËThe Inheritorsââ¬â¢Ã is a key essay. 12]à One of Hallidayââ¬â¢s contributions has been the use of the termà registerà to explain the connections between language and its context. [13]For Halliday register is distinct fromà dialect. Dialect refers to the habitual language of a particular user in a specific geographical or social context. Register describes the choices made by the user,[14]à choices which depend on three variables:à fieldà (ââ¬Å"what the par ticipantsâ⬠¦ are actually engaged in doingâ⬠, for instance, discussing a specific subject or topic),[15]tenorà (who is taking part in the exchange) andà modeà (the use to which the language is being put). Fowler comments that different fields produce different language, most obviously at the level ofà vocabularyà (Fowler. 1996, 192) The linguistà David Crystalà points out that Hallidayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëtenorââ¬â¢ stands as a roughly equivalent term for ââ¬Ëstyleââ¬â¢, which is a more specific alternative used by linguists to avoid ambiguity. (Crystal. 1985, 292) Hallidayââ¬â¢s third category,à mode, is what he refers to as the symbolic organisation of the situation. Downes recognises two distinct aspects within the category of mode and suggests that not only does it describe the relation to the medium: written, spoken, and so on, but also describes theà genreà of the text. Downes. 1998, 316) Halliday refers to genre as pre-coded language, language that has not simply been used before, but that predetermines the selection of textual meanings. The linguistà William Downesà makes the point that the principal characteristic of register, no matter how peculiar or diverse, is that it is obvious and immediately recognisable. (Downes. 1998, 309) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- [edit]Literary stylistics Inà The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Crystal observes that, in practice, most stylistic analysis has attempted to deal with the complex and ââ¬Ëvaluedââ¬â¢ language within literature, i. . ââ¬Ëliterary stylisticsââ¬â¢. He goes on to say that in such examination the scope is sometimes narrowed to concentrate on the more striking features of literary language, for instance, its ââ¬Ëdeviantââ¬â¢ and abnormal features, rather than the broader structures that are found in whole texts or discourses. For example, the compact language of poetry is more likely to reveal the secrets of its construction to theà stylisticianà than is the language of plays and novels. (Crystal. 1987, 71). [edit]Poetry As well as conventional styles of language there are the unconventional ââ¬â the most obvious of which isà poetry. Inà Practical Stylistics,à HG Widdowsonà examines the traditional form of theà epitaph, as found on headstones in a cemetery. For example: His memory is dear today As in the hour he passed away. (Ernest C. Draper ââ¬ËErnââ¬â¢. Died 4. 1. 38) (Widdowson. 1992, 6) Widdowson makes the point that such sentiments are usually not very interesting and suggests that they may even be dismissed as ââ¬Ëcrude verbal carvingsââ¬â¢ and crude verbal disturbance (Widdowson, 3). Nevertheless, Widdowson recognises that they are a very real attempt to convey feelings of human loss and preserve affectionate recollections of a beloved friend or family member. However, what may be seen as poetic in this language is not so much in the formulaicà phraseologyà but in where it appears. The verse may be given undue reverence precisely because of the sombre situation in which it is placed. Widdowson suggests that, unlike words set in stone in a graveyard, poetry is unorthodox language that vibrates with inter-textual implications. Widdowson. 1992, 4) Two problems with a stylistic analysis of poetry are noted byà PM Wetherillà inà Literary Text: An Examination of Critical Methods. The first is that there may be an over-preoccupation with one particular feature that may well minimise the significance of others that are equally important. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) The second is that any attempt to see a text as simply a collection of stylistic elements will tend to ignore other ways whereby meaning is produced. (Wetherill. 1974, 133) [edit]Implicature In ââ¬ËPoetic Effectsââ¬â¢ fromà Literary Pragmatics, theà linguistà Adrian Pilkingtonà analyses the idea of ââ¬Ëimplicatureââ¬â¢, as instigated in the previous work ofà Dan Sperberà andà Deirdre Wilson. Implicature may be divided into two categories: ââ¬Ëstrongââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëweakââ¬â¢ implicature, yet between the two extremes there are a variety of other alternatives. The strongest implicature is what is emphatically implied by the speaker or writer, while weaker implicatures are the wider possibilities of meaning that the hearer or reader may conclude. Pilkingtonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëpoetic effectsââ¬â¢, as he terms the concept, are those that achieve most relevance through a wide array of weak implicatures and not those meanings that are simply ââ¬Ëread inââ¬â¢ by the hearer or reader. Yet the distinguishing instant at which weak implicatures and the hearer or readerââ¬â¢s conjecture of meaning diverge remains highly subjective. As Pilkington says: ââ¬Ëthere is no clear cut-off point between assumptions which the speaker certainly endorses and assumptions derived purely on the hearerââ¬â¢s responsibility. ââ¬â¢ (Pilkington. 991, 53) In addition, the stylistic qualities of poetry can be seen as an accompaniment to Pilkingtonââ¬â¢s poetic effects in understanding a poemââ¬â¢s meaning. [edit]Tense Widdowson points out that inà Samuel Taylor Coleridgeââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"The Rime of the Ancient Marinerâ⬠(1798), the mystery of the Marinerââ¬â¢s abrupt appearance is sustained by an idiosyncratic use of tense. (Widdowson. 1992, 40) For instance, the Mariner ââ¬Ëholdsââ¬â¢ the wedding-guest with his ââ¬Ëskinny handââ¬â¢ in theà present tense, but releases it in theà past tense(ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦ his hands dropt he. ââ¬Ë); only to hold him again, this time with his ââ¬Ëglittering eyeââ¬â¢, in the present. Widdowson. 1992, 41) [edit]The point of poetry Widdowson notices that when the content of poetry is summarised, it often refers to very general and unimpressive observations, such as ââ¬Ënature is beautiful; love is great; life is lonely; time passesââ¬â¢, and so on. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) But to say: Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end â⬠¦ William Shakespeare, ââ¬Ë60ââ¬â¢. Or, indeed: Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime, Nor hours, days months, which are the rags of time â⬠¦ John Donne, ââ¬ËThe Sun Risingââ¬â¢,à Poemsà (1633) This language gives us[who? ]à a new perspective on familiar themes and allows us to look at them without the personal or social conditioning that we unconsciously associate with them. (Widdowson. 1992, 9) So, although we[who? ]à may still use the same exhausted words and vague terms like ââ¬Ëloveââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëheartââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ësoulââ¬â¢ to refer to human experience, to place these words in a new and refreshing context allows the poet the ability to represent humanity and communicate honestly. This, in part, is stylistics, and this, according to Widdowson, is the point of poetry (Widdowson. 1992, 76). How to cite Passage to India Analysis, Essay examples
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Experience in Monitoring and Evaluation â⬠Free Samples to Students
Question: Discuss about the Experience in Monitoring and Evaluation. Answer: Introduction: The conventional way of studying a policy is by breaking it down into many stages. The segregation of stages and its ideas have changed with time and place, but the fundamental idea still remains the same (Turner, 2013). A cycle divides a policy into various stages, from the point where the policy maker thinks of devising a policy for the problem to end point where the policy has been implemented and the policymakers discuss the success of the policy and what other steps should be taken (Kind, Hardman Leese, 2005). The policy making process can be divided into the following stages: Agenda Setting: this stage focuses on identifying the problems that need government attention and intervention. Policy Formulation: It has steps like finding an objective, estimating the cost and effects of the solutions and then selecting from a list of solutions and choosing the policy instruments (Kind, Hardman Leese, 2005). This stage also involves the legitimating the chosen policy instruments have support i.e. legislative approval, executive approval etc (Kind, Hardman Leese, 2005). Policy Implementation: here the actual implementation of the policy takes place like establishing an organisation which takes responsibility for the implementation of the policy and also ensuring that the organisation has funds (Turner, 2013). Evaluation: Some people consider this as the fourth stage of the policy cycle. This stage examines the success of the policy i.e. if the policy was implemented correctly or if it had the desired results or not (Kind, Hardman Leese, 2005). As defined by the World health organisation, health is not just the absence or immunity from some disease or infection, but it is a state of total physical, mental and social prosperity of an individual. There are determinants of health which may be identified as the situations in which people live which can affect their health or poor health and may cause health inequality amongst people of an area (Sheldon, 2005). As public health struggles to make a move towards a more integrated setup, we see that there is an emphasis on the prevention, education, convenience etc, thus affecting the health of the community to a large scale and not focussing on an individual. This becomes the base for the new health policy approach (Sheldon, 2005). The new health approach focuses on the social, behavioural and environmental factors which are education, employment, socioeconomic status etc, in a way that they may balance out the health inequalities (Schultz, 2018). This is where it differs from the old health policy approach which focuses on the biological determinants of health which mainly focus on the clinical treatments and straight forward methods to treat the communicable diseases. The old approach is favourable towards working with the local councils on the Sanitation of the locality and targets the large population (Schultz, 2018). It also believes in implementing infrastructures and dealing with the biological causes of the disease whereas the new approach focuses on the importance of the waste management as it will eventually lead to the sanitation of the locality too (Sheldon, 2005). Another instance of the new health approach is the Walking School bus Initiative which provides a safe environment to the school going children but also educates children about the healthy and active lifestyle and also creating awareness against obesity. This has created better results than the old health approach in treating obesity (Bryson, Duclos Jolly, 2010). The launch of the Sun Smart campaign is also a part of the new health approach. It educates people about the benefits and harms of the UV rays and has also produced drastic results with the reduced cases of skin cancer since its implementation (Bauman, King Nutbeam, 2014). There are many social factors that affect a persons health and fitness. Social factors vary from region to region for e.g. weight can be seen as a positive thing in the countries with scarce foods and can be seen as obesity in countries where there is no scarcity of food. It all depends on the social status of the people how they perceive it (Bauman, King Nutbeam, 2014). There are other factors in the society that affect a persons health and well being of the culture, the food and the climate of the place that they live in. For e.g. some isolated communities are known to have a longer lifespan as compared to others (Bryson, Duclos Jolly, 2010). The reason behind this may be that the people have to do all the work by themselves, giving them a different culture, eating pattern as they physically work hard on their lands, and also different outlook and conduct. This may also add a little stress to their lives but that becomes a part of their social life and is well accepted amongst people. People who enjoy a good socio-economic status have been found to have a better health and lifestyle as they have better access to good education and better healthcare services. Added to this a good start to life also adds to a healthy life of an individual as it enhances their physical, cognitive and emotional growth (Bryson, Duclos Jolly, 2010). A healthy and a stress free pregnancy also affect a childs well being in his lifetime. It helps in the proper foetal development of the child. Poverty also has a major impact on a persons health and well being. There are still instances of absolute poverty even in countries like Europe. This situation thus leads to increased cases of premature deaths as there is limited access to good healthcare services, education, and lifestyle (Bryson, Duclos Jolly, 2010). Having a job is better than having no job at all. Lack of opportunity to showcase ones skills and lower decision making power also add to the stress in ones life leading to poor health and sickness and thus leading to premature deaths too in some cases (Valle, 2016). Power is usually interpreted as the potential to reach a coveted outcome. But in policy making the term power is usually thought of as power over others. There are a number of ways in which one can get his work done by other people by using his power which is recognised as the dimensions of power. They are: Power as decision making:- emphasises on acts of the people (individual or group) which effect the policy decisions. Different people exercise influence on different policy matters. Some groups including the weaker ones also could pierce through the political system and enjoy power. Whereas only a small number of people have a direct say in the key decisions of the policy making, most people exercise an indirect impact on the decisions (Mhlmann, Reumann, Evangelatos Brand, 2018). Policy as non-decision making: highlights the role of the powerful groups in controlling the agenda below the policy radar screen. It can also be said that power as non-decision making includes restricti ng the capacity of real decision making in safe issues by controlling the commanding values, myths, and political institutions and procedures (Ney, 2012). In this dimension of power, few of the problems remain hidden and fail to find a place in the policy design. Power as thought control: - This dimension argues that the power is an element of the artistry to affect others by sculpting their preferences (Bekker, Mutsaers, Dumont Jansen, 2014). As per this dimension one empowers power over the other when one affects the other in a way contrary to his interests i.e. the one with power gains others consent by sober means which may include the capacity to reform meanings and viewpoints of the fact, by restraining information from the mass media or by limiting the process of stabilisation (van Kessel, 2008). Obesity has become a major concern for the public health practitioners in the most developed countries of the world. The major cause of this could be cited as the societal changes that lead to less physical activities and increased consumption of the junk food. There have been community based and social marketing interventions that focus mainly on eating less junk food, eating healthier and exercising regularly (Goranitis, Siskou Liaropoulos, 2014). There have been many policies that have been proposed earlier but their success rate has not been satisfactory. We would be citing some examples here and also the remedies to them so that the newly revised policies work. Misconceptions about obesity have hampered the success of the policy efforts. Some of them with remedies can be ; restrictive diets do not work: - Individuals are usually not able to maintain the weight loss through the restrictive diets as that leads to eating unhealthier foods because of the starvation caused in the bo dy. Instead of going for restrictive diets one should focus on healthy diets (Bekker, Mutsaers, Dumont Jansen, 2014). Cafeterias should have more options for vegetables. Schools should first serve vegetables before any other food item. Restrict the sugar sweetened drinks (Goranitis, Siskou Liaropoulos, 2014). There should be healthy food advertisements rather than the unhealthy ones. Weight stigma will not reduce obesity:- Instead, if one is stigmatised for obesity, it will lead to further inhabiting of the unhealthier habits and not result in weight loss. Public service announcements and anti-obesity campaigns should be pre announced to ensure better results. Also, weight should be made a protected class (Goranitis, Siskou Liaropoulos, 2014). Weight does not equal health: - which means that if you weigh lesser, it does not mean you are healthy. For this, BMI should be the measure of health and not weight. Introducing physical activities in these environments would also help (Goranitis, Siskou Liaropoulos, 2014). Incentives should be given for the physical activity programs. References Bauman, A., King, L., Nutbeam, D. (2014). Rethinking the evaluation and measurement of health in all policies. Health Promotion International, 29(suppl 1), i143-i151. Bekker, M., Mutsaers, B., Dumont, R., Jansen, M. (2014). Responsive evaluation of Health in All Policies: the Brabant Aspect policy for health 2014. European Journal Of Public Health, 24(suppl_2), 2-10. Bryson, M., Duclos, P., Jolly, A. (2010). Global immunization policy making processes.Health Policy,96(2), 154-159. Goranitis, I., Siskou, O., Liaropoulos, L. (2014). Health policy making under information constraints: An evaluation of the policy responses to the economic crisis in Greece.Health Policy,117(3), 279-284. Kind, P., Hardman, G., Leese, B. (2005). Measuring health status: information for primary care decision making.Health Policy,71(3), 303-313. Mhlmann, L., Reumann, M., Evangelatos, N., Brand, A. (2018). Big Data for Public Health Policy-Making: Policy Empowerment.Public Health Genomics. Ney, S. (2012). Making Sense of the Global Health Crisis: Policy Narratives, Conflict, and Global Health Governance.Journal Of Health Politics, Policy And Law,37(2), 253-295. Sheldon, T. (2005). Making evidence synthesis more useful for management and policy-making.Journal Of Health Services Research Policy,10(1_suppl), 1-5. Schultz, R. (2018). Implementation of policies to protect planetary health. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(2), e62. Turner, L. (2013). The Effect of Medicaid Policies on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children's Mental Health Problems in Primary Care. Health Economics, 24(2), 142-157. Valle, A. (2016). The Mexican experience in monitoring and evaluation of public policies addressing social determinants of health. Global Health Action, 9(1), 29030. van Kessel, G. (2008). How do we do public health?.Australian Journal Of Physiotherapy,54(1), 80.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)